Understanding Your Dream of Walking on Pavement
Dreams about walking on pavement can be deeply significant, reflecting various aspects of our lives and emotions. Pavement, a symbol of a well-trodden path, often represents the choices we make and the paths we choose in our daily lives. This may indicate a time of reflection on your current situation, and the state of the pavement can mirror your feelings about your journey.
A smooth, even pavement might suggest ease and confidence in your choices, while a cracked or uneven surface may hint at obstacles or confusion ahead. The context of the dream — such as where you are walking and how you feel — can provide further insight. Ultimately, these dreams encourage self-exploration and consideration of where you are headed in life.
Dream Interpretation - Talk to me!

📱 Bestie+ App is Here!
Experience personalized dream interpretations, save your dreams, and share them with your loved ones! Available now on iOS and Android.
- Walking on pavement reflects personal journeys and life pathways.
- Concrete paths symbolize stability and a sense of direction.
- The dream may represent choices you are making in waking life.
- Your emotional state while walking can indicate your overall mindset.
- Consider where the pavement leads for deeper insights into your future.
Symbols
- pavement
- Passage:
(Avenue; Direction; Path; Trail; Way) A road in a dream represents the divine law. Seeing many roads in a dream denotes deviation from God’s path, or it could mean religious innovation. Walking on a side road, or yielding at a fork in a dream means going astray.
If a highway robber attacks someone in a dream, it means that he will suffer from the loss of a friend. If one sees a ruler strolling through a rugged road in a dream, it means that he will establish justice and pave the way to righteousness and prosperity. A straight road in a dream represents God’s path, or it could represent one’s true faith in God’s revelations, or in following the practice of God’s Messenger, upon whom be peace, or following the guidance of one’s teacher or shaikh.
Walkingon a straight path in a dream means repenting from one’s sins and finding guidance. Seeing many roads in a dream means hesitancy, fluctuations in one’s faith, doubt, heedlessness, or apostasy. A road in a dream also represents a craft, eternity, the past, aging, continuity, the good example, or the bad example.
A boat following the correct sea lane in a dream means salvation. A road in a dream also represents a woman, one’s livelihood, truth, or death. If a merchant sees himself walking on a road in a dream, it means that he will find new avenues to earn more money.
A hidden road in a dream means pride, innovation and self- deception. (Also see Lane; Roadless terrain; Wending one’s way)
- Path:
(Avenue; Direction; Path; Trail; Way) A road in a dream represents the divine law. Seeing many roads in a dream denotes deviation from God’s path, or it could mean religious innovation. Walking on a side road, or yielding at a fork in a dream means going astray.
If a highway robber attacks someone in a dream, it means that he will suffer from the loss of a friend. If one sees a ruler strolling through a rugged road in a dream, it means that he will establish justice and pave the way to righteousness and prosperity. A straight road in a dream represents God’s path, or it could represent one’s true faith in God’s revelations, or in following the practice of God’s Messenger, upon whom be peace, or following the guidance of one’s teacher or shaikh.
Walkingon a straight path in a dream means repenting from one’s sins and finding guidance. Seeing many roads in a dream means hesitancy, fluctuations in one’s faith, doubt, heedlessness, or apostasy. A road in a dream also represents a craft, eternity, the past, aging, continuity, the good example, or the bad example.
A boat following the correct sea lane in a dream means salvation. A road in a dream also represents a woman, one’s livelihood, truth, or death. If a merchant sees himself walking on a road in a dream, it means that he will find new avenues to earn more money.
A hidden road in a dream means pride, innovation and self- deception. (Also see Lane; Roadless terrain; Wending one’s way)
- Trail:
(Avenue; Direction; Path; Trail; Way) A road in a dream represents the divine law. Seeing many roads in a dream denotes deviation from God’s path, or it could mean religious innovation. Walking on a side road, or yielding at a fork in a dream means going astray.
If a highway robber attacks someone in a dream, it means that he will suffer from the loss of a friend. If one sees a ruler strolling through a rugged road in a dream, it means that he will establish justice and pave the way to righteousness and prosperity. A straight road in a dream represents God’s path, or it could represent one’s true faith in God’s revelations, or in following the practice of God’s Messenger, upon whom be peace, or following the guidance of one’s teacher or shaikh.
Walkingon a straight path in a dream means repenting from one’s sins and finding guidance. Seeing many roads in a dream means hesitancy, fluctuations in one’s faith, doubt, heedlessness, or apostasy. A road in a dream also represents a craft, eternity, the past, aging, continuity, the good example, or the bad example.
A boat following the correct sea lane in a dream means salvation. A road in a dream also represents a woman, one’s livelihood, truth, or death. If a merchant sees himself walking on a road in a dream, it means that he will find new avenues to earn more money.
A hidden road in a dream means pride, innovation and self- deception. (Also see Lane; Roadless terrain; Wending one’s way)
- Passage:
- sidewalk
- Strutting:
(Jogging; Prancing; Strutting; Tripping) Walking straight in a dream means profits, seeking the path of righteousness and unwavering in one’s religious commitment. Walking through the markets in a dream means carrying a will, or should one qualify for leadership, it means that he may be appointed to fill such a position. Walking barefooted in a dream means dispelling distress and portraying a good religious character.
The meaning of walking in a dream implies an expression of meekness and submissiveness before one’s Lord, and it could mean seeking to earn one’s livelihood. Jogging in a dream means victory over one’s enemy. Walking backward in a dream means reversing one’s decision, cancelling a commitment, or it could represent corruption in one’s religious practices.
Strutting or prancing in a dream represents an ugly state of mind that is coupled with evil actions. Falling down over one’s face during walking in a dream means loss of benefits in this world and in the next. Tripping while walking in a dream means exposure of one’s ills, and suffering the consequences of wrongdoing.
To cause someone to trip while walking in a dream means ridiculing him, or delivering him a humiliating blow. To walk earnestly and steadily in a dream represents one’s good intention. Travelling on foot in a dream means facing danger.
Walking while bowing one’s head in a dream means longevity, or it could mean recovering from a long illness. Walking over the clouds in a dream means rain. Walking with a cane in a dream means old age, or an illness which will require the help of a cane.
Hopping on one foot in a dream means losing half of one’s wealth. Having several feet in a dream means losing one’s sight. If the governor sees himself having many feet in a dream, it means that he will be impeached from his office.
If one sees inanimate objects such as a tree, a rock or a mountain walking in a dream, it represents major adversities and plagues. The movement of inanimate objects in a dream also means being dogmatic about one’s spiritual stand. Walking like animals in a dream means emulating ignorant people, seeking the unattainable, or being a hypocrite, unless if the animal is permissible for food, then such style of walking means offering good deeds.
- Hidden road:
(Avenue; Direction; Path; Trail; Way) A road in a dream represents the divine law. Seeing many roads in a dream denotes deviation from God’s path, or it could mean religious innovation. Walking on a side road, or yielding at a fork in a dream means going astray.
If a highway robber attacks someone in a dream, it means that he will suffer from the loss of a friend. If one sees a ruler strolling through a rugged road in a dream, it means that he will establish justice and pave the way to righteousness and prosperity. A straight road in a dream represents God’s path, or it could represent one’s true faith in God’s revelations, or in following the practice of God’s Messenger, upon whom be peace, or following the guidance of one’s teacher or shaikh.
Walkingon a straight path in a dream means repenting from one’s sins and finding guidance. Seeing many roads in a dream means hesitancy, fluctuations in one’s faith, doubt, heedlessness, or apostasy. A road in a dream also represents a craft, eternity, the past, aging, continuity, the good example, or the bad example.
A boat following the correct sea lane in a dream means salvation. A road in a dream also represents a woman, one’s livelihood, truth, or death. If a merchant sees himself walking on a road in a dream, it means that he will find new avenues to earn more money.
A hidden road in a dream means pride, innovation and self- deception. (Also see Lane; Roadless terrain; Wending one’s way)
- Passage:
(Avenue; Direction; Path; Trail; Way) A road in a dream represents the divine law. Seeing many roads in a dream denotes deviation from God’s path, or it could mean religious innovation. Walking on a side road, or yielding at a fork in a dream means going astray.
If a highway robber attacks someone in a dream, it means that he will suffer from the loss of a friend. If one sees a ruler strolling through a rugged road in a dream, it means that he will establish justice and pave the way to righteousness and prosperity. A straight road in a dream represents God’s path, or it could represent one’s true faith in God’s revelations, or in following the practice of God’s Messenger, upon whom be peace, or following the guidance of one’s teacher or shaikh.
Walkingon a straight path in a dream means repenting from one’s sins and finding guidance. Seeing many roads in a dream means hesitancy, fluctuations in one’s faith, doubt, heedlessness, or apostasy. A road in a dream also represents a craft, eternity, the past, aging, continuity, the good example, or the bad example.
A boat following the correct sea lane in a dream means salvation. A road in a dream also represents a woman, one’s livelihood, truth, or death. If a merchant sees himself walking on a road in a dream, it means that he will find new avenues to earn more money.
A hidden road in a dream means pride, innovation and self- deception. (Also see Lane; Roadless terrain; Wending one’s way)
- Strutting:
- sauntering
- Highway:
(Astray; Error; Lost) Walking on a straight highway and still losing one’s way in a dream means deviating from the path of truth. If the road in the dream is twisted or curved, then it means allurement, trespassing, misguidance, or erring from God’s path, or it could mean seeking a way out of error. If one is lost in the dream, it means that he will become heedless, and if he finds his way thereafter, it means that he will receive someone’s guidance and accept it.
Waning of one’s wealth:
- Strutting:
(Jogging; Prancing; Strutting; Tripping) Walking straight in a dream means profits, seeking the path of righteousness and unwavering in one’s religious commitment. Walking through the markets in a dream means carrying a will, or should one qualify for leadership, it means that he may be appointed to fill such a position. Walking barefooted in a dream means dispelling distress and portraying a good religious character.
The meaning of walking in a dream implies an expression of meekness and submissiveness before one’s Lord, and it could mean seeking to earn one’s livelihood. Jogging in a dream means victory over one’s enemy. Walking backward in a dream means reversing one’s decision, cancelling a commitment, or it could represent corruption in one’s religious practices.
Strutting or prancing in a dream represents an ugly state of mind that is coupled with evil actions. Falling down over one’s face during walking in a dream means loss of benefits in this world and in the next. Tripping while walking in a dream means exposure of one’s ills, and suffering the consequences of wrongdoing.
To cause someone to trip while walking in a dream means ridiculing him, or delivering him a humiliating blow. To walk earnestly and steadily in a dream represents one’s good intention. Travelling on foot in a dream means facing danger.
Walking while bowing one’s head in a dream means longevity, or it could mean recovering from a long illness. Walking over the clouds in a dream means rain. Walking with a cane in a dream means old age, or an illness which will require the help of a cane.
Hopping on one foot in a dream means losing half of one’s wealth. Having several feet in a dream means losing one’s sight. If the governor sees himself having many feet in a dream, it means that he will be impeached from his office.
If one sees inanimate objects such as a tree, a rock or a mountain walking in a dream, it represents major adversities and plagues. The movement of inanimate objects in a dream also means being dogmatic about one’s spiritual stand. Walking like animals in a dream means emulating ignorant people, seeking the unattainable, or being a hypocrite, unless if the animal is permissible for food, then such style of walking means offering good deeds.
- Stumble:
- Highway:
- walking
- Strutting:
(Jogging; Prancing; Strutting; Tripping) Walking straight in a dream means profits, seeking the path of righteousness and unwavering in one’s religious commitment. Walking through the markets in a dream means carrying a will, or should one qualify for leadership, it means that he may be appointed to fill such a position. Walking barefooted in a dream means dispelling distress and portraying a good religious character.
The meaning of walking in a dream implies an expression of meekness and submissiveness before one’s Lord, and it could mean seeking to earn one’s livelihood. Jogging in a dream means victory over one’s enemy. Walking backward in a dream means reversing one’s decision, cancelling a commitment, or it could represent corruption in one’s religious practices.
Strutting or prancing in a dream represents an ugly state of mind that is coupled with evil actions. Falling down over one’s face during walking in a dream means loss of benefits in this world and in the next. Tripping while walking in a dream means exposure of one’s ills, and suffering the consequences of wrongdoing.
To cause someone to trip while walking in a dream means ridiculing him, or delivering him a humiliating blow. To walk earnestly and steadily in a dream represents one’s good intention. Travelling on foot in a dream means facing danger.
Walking while bowing one’s head in a dream means longevity, or it could mean recovering from a long illness. Walking over the clouds in a dream means rain. Walking with a cane in a dream means old age, or an illness which will require the help of a cane.
Hopping on one foot in a dream means losing half of one’s wealth. Having several feet in a dream means losing one’s sight. If the governor sees himself having many feet in a dream, it means that he will be impeached from his office.
If one sees inanimate objects such as a tree, a rock or a mountain walking in a dream, it represents major adversities and plagues. The movement of inanimate objects in a dream also means being dogmatic about one’s spiritual stand. Walking like animals in a dream means emulating ignorant people, seeking the unattainable, or being a hypocrite, unless if the animal is permissible for food, then such style of walking means offering good deeds.
- Stumble:
- Highway:
(Astray; Error; Lost) Walking on a straight highway and still losing one’s way in a dream means deviating from the path of truth. If the road in the dream is twisted or curved, then it means allurement, trespassing, misguidance, or erring from God’s path, or it could mean seeking a way out of error. If one is lost in the dream, it means that he will become heedless, and if he finds his way thereafter, it means that he will receive someone’s guidance and accept it.
Waning of one’s wealth:
- Strutting:
- walkway
- Staircase:
(Conveyor; Steps; Travels) In a dream, stairways represent the vehicle of rising in station, advancement in worldly gains, seeking the blessings of the hereafter, and the rising of one’s station in the hereafter. A stairway in a dream also could represent the days of one’s life and their term. If one sees a staircase which he recognizes in the dream, it could represent the servant of a house, its owner, or its accountant.
If a sick person sees himself climbing an unknown staircase which is leading him to the upper room from where he can see paradise in the dream, it means that he may die from his illness and reach what he saw. If obstacles hinder his way or impede his climb in the dream, it means that he is detained, and the immediate blessings of such a gift will be veiled to him. Descending a staircase in a dream means arriving from a journey, resigning from one’s job, impeachment, or it could represent a pedestrian.
If one’s descent leads him to his family, house, or farmland in the dream, it means money. If what he reaches at the end of the staircase is unknown, and if one meets people, or souls he does not recognize in the dream, it also denotes what we have earlier explained. If during one’s climb or descent he falls into a well, or if a giant bird grabs him and flies away with him, or if a beast devours him, or if he steps into a boat that sails away as he steps into it, or if he takes a step to find himself riding an animal, or a vehicle of some type, the staircase then represents the stages of one’s life and what he encountered during the journey of his life, all DICTIONARY OF DREAMS 409 replayed or screened before his eyes at the point of descending into his grave, or as a book one reads after his death.
If he does wake up and finds himself healthy and fit, it means that he will become a tyrant, an unjust person, an atheist and a reprobate. If one sees himself descending a staircase that leads him into a mosque, lush foliage, green fields, a fresh breeze of spring, or into a pond to take a ritual ablution to perform his prayers in the dream, it means that he will become a true believer, repent for his his sins and abandon his blameworthy conduct. Otherwise, if he descends upon adverse elements such as snakes, lions, steep hills, corpses, or a field of scattered remains in a dream, then it represents major trials and adversities.
If the steps are made of clay in one’s dream, they indicate positive signs. However, a stairway could be regarded as unfavorable if its steps are made of backed bricks. If they are made of stones in the dream, they mean business success, along with a heart like a stone.
If the staircase is made of wooden steps in the dream, it means reaching a high rank which is compounded with hypocrisy. If they are made of gold in the dream, then they mean achieving success and gaining authority. If they are made of silver in the dream, they represent one’s entourage and attendants.
Climbing a staircase in a dream also means sharpening one’s intellect and awareness. In a dream, a stairway is also interpreted to mean leading a life of ascetic detachment and devotion. Coming near a staircase in a dream also means attaining success and a growing piety.
Each step represents a different station. Climbing a staircase in a dream also represents the dangers one may have to cross. Seeing a staircase with five steps in a dream represents the five time prayers, or the pulpit where the Imam stands to deliver his Friday sermon.
That is why some interpreters qualify the staircase in one’s dream as glad tidings, good news, prayers, charity, alms giving, fasting, or a pilgrimage. God knows best.
- Upper room:
(Conveyor; Steps; Travels) In a dream, stairways represent the vehicle of rising in station, advancement in worldly gains, seeking the blessings of the hereafter, and the rising of one’s station in the hereafter. A stairway in a dream also could represent the days of one’s life and their term. If one sees a staircase which he recognizes in the dream, it could represent the servant of a house, its owner, or its accountant.
If a sick person sees himself climbing an unknown staircase which is leading him to the upper room from where he can see paradise in the dream, it means that he may die from his illness and reach what he saw. If obstacles hinder his way or impede his climb in the dream, it means that he is detained, and the immediate blessings of such a gift will be veiled to him. Descending a staircase in a dream means arriving from a journey, resigning from one’s job, impeachment, or it could represent a pedestrian.
If one’s descent leads him to his family, house, or farmland in the dream, it means money. If what he reaches at the end of the staircase is unknown, and if one meets people, or souls he does not recognize in the dream, it also denotes what we have earlier explained. If during one’s climb or descent he falls into a well, or if a giant bird grabs him and flies away with him, or if a beast devours him, or if he steps into a boat that sails away as he steps into it, or if he takes a step to find himself riding an animal, or a vehicle of some type, the staircase then represents the stages of one’s life and what he encountered during the journey of his life, all DICTIONARY OF DREAMS 409 replayed or screened before his eyes at the point of descending into his grave, or as a book one reads after his death.
If he does wake up and finds himself healthy and fit, it means that he will become a tyrant, an unjust person, an atheist and a reprobate. If one sees himself descending a staircase that leads him into a mosque, lush foliage, green fields, a fresh breeze of spring, or into a pond to take a ritual ablution to perform his prayers in the dream, it means that he will become a true believer, repent for his his sins and abandon his blameworthy conduct. Otherwise, if he descends upon adverse elements such as snakes, lions, steep hills, corpses, or a field of scattered remains in a dream, then it represents major trials and adversities.
If the steps are made of clay in one’s dream, they indicate positive signs. However, a stairway could be regarded as unfavorable if its steps are made of backed bricks. If they are made of stones in the dream, they mean business success, along with a heart like a stone.
If the staircase is made of wooden steps in the dream, it means reaching a high rank which is compounded with hypocrisy. If they are made of gold in the dream, then they mean achieving success and gaining authority. If they are made of silver in the dream, they represent one’s entourage and attendants.
Climbing a staircase in a dream also means sharpening one’s intellect and awareness. In a dream, a stairway is also interpreted to mean leading a life of ascetic detachment and devotion. Coming near a staircase in a dream also means attaining success and a growing piety.
Each step represents a different station. Climbing a staircase in a dream also represents the dangers one may have to cross. Seeing a staircase with five steps in a dream represents the five time prayers, or the pulpit where the Imam stands to deliver his Friday sermon.
That is why some interpreters qualify the staircase in one’s dream as glad tidings, good news, prayers, charity, alms giving, fasting, or a pilgrimage. God knows best.
- Steps:
(Conveyor; Stairway)
- Staircase:
- strolling
- Highway:
(Astray; Error; Lost) Walking on a straight highway and still losing one’s way in a dream means deviating from the path of truth. If the road in the dream is twisted or curved, then it means allurement, trespassing, misguidance, or erring from God’s path, or it could mean seeking a way out of error. If one is lost in the dream, it means that he will become heedless, and if he finds his way thereafter, it means that he will receive someone’s guidance and accept it.
Waning of one’s wealth:
- Strutting:
(Jogging; Prancing; Strutting; Tripping) Walking straight in a dream means profits, seeking the path of righteousness and unwavering in one’s religious commitment. Walking through the markets in a dream means carrying a will, or should one qualify for leadership, it means that he may be appointed to fill such a position. Walking barefooted in a dream means dispelling distress and portraying a good religious character.
The meaning of walking in a dream implies an expression of meekness and submissiveness before one’s Lord, and it could mean seeking to earn one’s livelihood. Jogging in a dream means victory over one’s enemy. Walking backward in a dream means reversing one’s decision, cancelling a commitment, or it could represent corruption in one’s religious practices.
Strutting or prancing in a dream represents an ugly state of mind that is coupled with evil actions. Falling down over one’s face during walking in a dream means loss of benefits in this world and in the next. Tripping while walking in a dream means exposure of one’s ills, and suffering the consequences of wrongdoing.
To cause someone to trip while walking in a dream means ridiculing him, or delivering him a humiliating blow. To walk earnestly and steadily in a dream represents one’s good intention. Travelling on foot in a dream means facing danger.
Walking while bowing one’s head in a dream means longevity, or it could mean recovering from a long illness. Walking over the clouds in a dream means rain. Walking with a cane in a dream means old age, or an illness which will require the help of a cane.
Hopping on one foot in a dream means losing half of one’s wealth. Having several feet in a dream means losing one’s sight. If the governor sees himself having many feet in a dream, it means that he will be impeached from his office.
If one sees inanimate objects such as a tree, a rock or a mountain walking in a dream, it represents major adversities and plagues. The movement of inanimate objects in a dream also means being dogmatic about one’s spiritual stand. Walking like animals in a dream means emulating ignorant people, seeking the unattainable, or being a hypocrite, unless if the animal is permissible for food, then such style of walking means offering good deeds.
- Stumble:
- Highway:
Practical Tips for Understanding Walking Dreams
- Reflect on Your Current Life Path
Take some time to consider where you are in your life. Are there decisions you are currently facing that relate to your dream? The pavement signifies your life path, and reflecting on your dream may help clarify your thoughts.
Write down your feelings about the journeys you're taking and consider if you feel confident or uncertain about where you're heading. Mapping out your dreams versus your realities may lead you to insights about what needs addressing in your waking life.
- Think About Your Emotions During the Dream
Emotions experienced during the dream can provide crucial insights. Were you feeling calm, anxious, or rushed while walking? If you felt at ease, it may indicate comfort in your life choices.
If you felt rushed or uncomfortable, consider what in your daily life might be causing frustration or anxiety. Keeping a dream journal is a beneficial way to track these emotions and look for patterns that may arise over time, providing clarity on how they relate to your waking life.
- Explore Where the Pavement Leads
Notice where the pavement is leading you in the dream. Are you moving towards a destination, or is the path unclear? Dreams can reflect your subconscious thoughts about your future.
If the pavement leads to a bright place, it may signify hope or positive outcomes ahead. Conversely, a path that ends abruptly or leads to an unclear area might suggest uncertainty or a need for reflection on your next moves. This can guide you in evaluating your plans or aspirations, ensuring they align with your inner truths.
- Consult with Others About Your Dream
Sometimes sharing your dreams can provide new perspectives. Talking with friends or family members can help illuminate areas you might not have considered. Engage in conversations about your dreams and how they make you feel.
Others might have had similar experiences, and their insights can provide clarity and support. Remember that while interpretations can vary widely, the collective wisdom of your community can often shed light on the paths you are considering.
- Stay Open to Future Symbols
As you continue to dream, stay open to new symbols or themes that may arise. The more you engage with your dreams, the more you may find patterns or insights that resonate with your waking life. Keep an open heart and mind, and remember that the process of understanding dreams is often about intuition as much as it is about rational interpretation.
Practicing mindfulness or meditation can enhance your connection to your subconscious and help you feel more in tune with your dreams.
FAQs
- What does it mean to dream of walking on smooth pavement?
Dreaming of walking on smooth pavement typically symbolizes a sense of ease and control in your life. It suggests that you are on a clear and positive path, feeling confident in your decisions. This may indicate that you are progressing well in your personal or professional life, and things are aligning favorably for you.
- What if the pavement was cracked or broken in my dream?
If you dream of walking on cracked or broken pavement, it may indicate obstacles or challenges you are currently facing or will face in the near future. This can reflect feelings of uncertainty or anxiety about decisions impacting your life path. It is a prompt to think about what areas need attention and healing.
- Can dreaming of walking on pavement indicate decision-making?
Yes, such dreams often reflect your current state of decision-making and how you feel about the choices at hand. If you feel confident while walking on the pavement, it may suggest clarity in your decisions. However, feelings of hesitation or discomfort might indicate confusion or a need to reassess your options.
- Is it just a dream if I feel fearful while walking?
Not at all; feelings of fear in a dream can reveal deeper anxieties or unresolved issues. Fearful encounters while walking on pavement could symbolize a fear of the unknown in your future or concerns over the direction you're headed. Consider what aspects of your life may be causing you unease.
- What should I do if the dream felt particularly vivid?
Vivid dreams can be powerful messages from your subconscious. If your dream of walking on pavement stood out clearly, take time to journal about it and reflect on any symbols or emotions that felt significant. This could lead to important insights about your waking life paths and emotional state.